The Outsourcing Blog: Horses for Sources

Want to know about global sourcing? Then we'll lend you Anand...

Whether it's cash management in Casablanca, or payroll in Patagonia, there's one guy who'll have a Harvey Ball polished and ready for you.  Enter Everest Group's rock-loving, paint-balling enthusiast, Anand Ramesh, who lives and breathes global sourcing locations. 

However, before you read the excellent guest article he's submitted for us, please spend a few minutes assisting Anand with his new study to understand how companies are leveraging offshore locations – particularly for high-value services – and how the landscape is likely to evolve. Just click here to access his study, and he'll send you a summary of the "Market Vista" report in return for your efforts.  Over to you Anand...

Global Sourcing Destinations: Perspective 2010

The ripple effects of the global economic slowdown made 2009 an interesting year for outsourcing and offshoring. Rapid growth in offshoring slowed in 2009, despite the fact that the trend of high wage inflation in offshoring markets diminished significantly.

Searching for the cloud? Then look to the Highlands...

My earliest memory of outsourcing was ringing to complain about a utility bill and getting a polite, but calmly authoritative, Scottish girl at the end of the line.  I knew immediately that I wasn't going to get a ton of mileage with my quest for justice that day...

We've spent a lot of time discussing outsourcing locations here, and one we've overlooked is Scotland.  And it's not because I'm a Brit and the Jocks don't like us very much - it's simply the fact that they don't make a great deal of noise about what a stellar location they have.  They quietly go about taking on BPO services for the likes of Morgan Stanley and Shell and let their reputation take care of itself. 

So, with this year's European Shared Services Week conference being staged in Edinburgh (where I once narrowly dodged the cheese police, but I'll save that story for another time), I asked Danny Cusick to give us his best Scottish sales pitch that puts those "Invest in Wales" ads (we get force-fed on BA flights), into the shade.  And for those of you who don't know Danny, he's President of the Americas for Scottish Development International.  Over to you Sire!

Being Frank about Global Sourcing: An interview with Cognizant's CEO (Part II)

Since Part I of the Francisco D'Souza interview, I've been assured Frank has improved his golf handicap. Now he'll discuss his views on how ITO service providers can differentiate themselves, the convergence of IT and BPO solutions... and a few other tidbits...

PF: How can ITO providers differentiate themselves in today’s market? Is it by vertical focus, or other elements?

FD: Given the extraordinary pressure that clients are under, I think that the key to differentiation is to focus on how to make clients’ businesses stronger. Rather than focusing on technology, process or methodology, I think providers need to really understand a client’s business drivers and then sell and deliver solutions that further those business objectives. As I said before, clients are facing both cyclical and secular pressures. As a result, depending on the client, their objectives of outsourcing will be very different. Some clients seek to improve efficiency or effectiveness. Others are looking to use outsourcing as a enabler of innovation. Still others are looking at outsourcing as a tool to gain access to the best talent in the world – regardless of where that talent is located. And of course, given the significant secular changes we are seeing, many clients are looking to outsource as a way to enable agility and transformation within the organization.

Keeping it onshore: an interview with Mark Vengroff

Having witnessed the rampant growth of Finance and Accounting BPO over recent years, the common thread among the leading service providers has been cost-arbitrage through offshore labor.  There is, however, one exception:  Vengroff Williams and Associates (VWA). 

Naturally, the core differentiators among service providers is the ability to innovate with process and technology, and provide great people to service their clients, however, the offshore element has created the cost-lever to entice companies to move into a BPO end-state.  VWA is the one service provider which has resisted the lure of offshore/nearshore delivery to drive down costs even further, and has chosen to focus on its onshore delivery centers underpinned by its order-to-cash technology solution to service its clients. 

VWA achieved a 5% share of F&A BPO engagements in 2007, which was greater than several of the leading BPO providers in the market, and boasts some blue-chip brands in its client portfoilio, namely Ford Motor Company, Federal Express, Kodak, Microsoft, Yamaha and others.  Moreover, in this age of protectionism, in addition to the increased focus on healthcare reform, you have to consider VWA in a unique position in the industry today.  I recently caught up with CEO Mark Vengroff to ask him to share with us the reasons for VWA's success.

Outsourced from Africa

I feel like I'm becoming a travel journalist these days, but we're seeing some very interesting locations get themselves onto the global sourcing map.  Enter South Africa and the picturesque coastal hub of Cape Town, which is primed to challenge for UK and European BPO services.

As the 21st century dawned, South Africa sought to expand its economy with one of the focal points being the English-speaking workforce. Problems existed in the value proposition to potential European customers, most notably in the high cost of telecommunications. Like the dismantling of the Berlin wall, deregulation and the elimination of the telecommunications monopoly have propelled the nation into a rising star as an offshore location for customer care and BPO work.

For several years, the battle raged with the push/pull between economic development and the predominantly government-owned sole telecommunications provider, Telkom. Competition was injected into the industry with the first competitor, Neotel, commencing service in November of 2007. The government has been committed to reducing costs and implemented notable tariff reductions.

Guatemala: Bananas, Green Tomatoes... and BPO

We've been debating the opportunities for Latin American countries to take on BPO work for a while now, and spending a few days in Guatemala has confirmed - beyond doubt - the potential of the region. 

I had the pleasure of visiting Capgemini's facility, which is quickly ramping up customer-facing F&A work for Coca-Cola Enterprises (which we picked up on here).  I am going to write more about this engagement in due course, but the hybrid nearshore/offshore operating model for Finance and Accounting and Procurement is showing strong signs of being the way forward for the industry.  This is also the case for many global strategic sourcing, supply management and HR BPO engagements. For example, Coca-Cola Enterprises is sourcing neashore work to Capgemini's centers in Guatemala and Krakow, and using its Chennai operation to support these centers with non-customer facing processes. 

Guatemala's population itself is only 13.7m people, with 40% based in urban areas, however, it is the largest Central American hub with strong potential to source activities to neighboring countries, such as El Salvador and Nicaragua (see graph below) to compliment serices and keep costs low.  What impressed me most meeting many operations agents and managers was the easy-to-understand English intonation, the obsession with process, the youthful energy and the discipline. 

Is the call center finally coming back onshore?

We had a great discussion a few weeks' ago regarding the USA's potential to take on more sourcing work, with increasing unemployment and downward wage pressures.  I've made this point a few times now, but BPO is clearly the bigger onshore opportunity than mainstream application services for the US to muscle in on sourcing work.  And where better to start than the call center?

Bottom-line, President Obama should take a leaf out of Margaret Thatcher's book and examine simple effective ways to provide productive and sustainable employment in depressed areas where industry is in a terminable decline.  I never voted for old Maggie, but she did do one very smart thing during her tenure as British PM - she closed down unprofitable coalmines during the 80's recession, and encouraged businesses to set up call centers in depressed British cities.  Now there are over 650,000 call center employees across the UK. 

Source like an Egyptian

My colleague Dana Stiffler had some fun in Egypt this week, as a guest of Egypt’s Information Technology Industry Development Agency (ITIDA).  Check out her observations at Think Global.

India dominates procurement BPO delivery

Taking a detour from the Satyam fiasco, I have much better news for the Indian services sector based on brand new data on the procurement business process outsourcing (BPO) market.  Only a couple of years' ago, barely a small fraction of procurement work was sourced from offshore locations such as India.  However, it has now reached almost 70% for all current procurement BPO engagements.  Read the full post at Think Global.

Mumbai events test appetite for offshore

My esteemed colleague at AMR Research, Dana Stiffler, who works with me in our Global Business and Outsourcing Services practice, has compiled some thoughts about the recent atrocities over in Mumbai, which we wanted to share with you, discussing the impact on the offshore sourcing industry... over to you Dana:

India's financial markets, including technology company stocks, bounced back admirably following last week's terror attacks in Mumbai.

Wipro brews Brazilian BPO

Wipro has continued its aggressive surge into the BPO world by announcing plans to open a BPO delivery center in Curtiba, Brazil, to service it new client, AmBev, the South American bewing giant, and subsidiary of global brewing giant InBev.  InBev recently had its merger with Anheuser-Busch approved to create a global beer monolith - not a bad industry to be developing your outsourcing business, in this economy (to quote a CIO at a major brewer recently: "we love the good times, but we REALLY LOVE the bad times"...)

Following on from Capgemini's agreement to take over Unilever's South American BPO operations, we are clearly seeing signs - as we discussed last year - that Latam countries have great potential for delivering BPO services, such as finance and accounting and HR, in addition to supporting IT engagements (particularly with the legacy development skills that have sprung out of the Latam financial services sector).  This latest development further augments the discussions that the leading outsourcing providers see Latam as a major addition to a global delivery framework, especially when you consider the investments Accenture, Genpact, IBM, Infosys, TCS and others have also been making in Latam resources.

Moreover, this announcement follows on from several major recent BPO wins from Wipro, which has been performing a stellar job taking on multi-tower BPO services for a number of global clients across finance, HR, customer care and some industry-specific domains.

Why not build a shared services infrastructure to support the banking sector?

With the US Treasury yesterday making an initial $125 billion stock purchase of nine beleaguered financial institutions, it makes me think seriously about how these colossal investments also could be deployed to create new jobs, better technology investments, and more efficient support processes. 

Our recent survey shows that many financial institutions are ready to grab the low-hanging fruit of outsourcing offerings, where they can make quick cost-savings and transition costs are offset by arbitrage.

However, while outsourcing clearly has its benefits, what about the

Multi-lingual outbound sales anyone?

Someone should tell this kid to go into BPO... he'd make far more money -:)

(Thanks Ed)

Can Obama turn the USA into a competitive sourcing location?

Being ineligible to vote in this country, I've been an amused observer of one of the the most enthralling and contentious elections in years - and trying to understand how each candidate will impact the future of the global outsourcing industry.

What is clear, is that shipping jobs offshore isn't necessary very good for the local unemployment rate - the age-old argument of focusing US staff on "higher-value" work is wearing a bit thin these days.  What's more, many offshore service providers are now focused on taking on more higher-value work activities for their clients, in addition to routine transactional work. For example,

A stateless multinational mindset

The recent article on Poland certainly stoked up some creative discussion about sourcing BPO locations.  And none more so than from Ratnesh Mathur, a BPO guru from India, based in Central Europe.  Ratnesh has worked in the "outsourcing temples" of Citibank and Infosys, in both India and Europe, for over 17 years. These days, he spends his time traveling to lesser known places in India and Europe, and, when not traveling or working on his upcoming book on Indoeuropean linguistic/cultural links, you can seek his blessings on outsourcing advisory work in India & Europe, through social networks like Linked-in.  Anyway, I thought Ratnesh's recent contributions warranted a full-posting:

When selecting a BPO location inside the European Union and in India, its useful to first segregate the City-level metrics from the Country(EU)/State(India)-level metrics and then quantify relative-importance of each metric vis-a-vis others, specific to your unique need: 

• Country(EU)/State(India) Metrics- BPO/SSC Set-Up time; Visa/ Work Permit Requirements; Subsidies/Government Incentives; Labour Laws; Tax & Accounting Laws; Political stability
• City Metrics- People (Labor Pool size / Education - Graduate skills/ Location attractiveness for Senior Foreign Hires/ Understanding of US & Western European cultures/Languages) ; Infrastructure (Real Estate, Telecom, Light/Heat/Water etc) ; BPO/SSC Competition; Travel links with key Client sites

Poland: More than "just another" BPO location

I received a very interesting synopsis from a senior executive at one of the major global IT-BPO providers on the subject of Poland as an offshore delivery location.  From my own personal experience, Poland has proved to be a first-class location for high-quality, multi-lingual support, particularly for BPO functions such as finance and HR.  No wonder providers such as Accenture, ADP, Capgemini, Genpact, HCL, HP and IBM have all made significant investments there, in addition to many captive centers that have been established there in recent years. 

Siddhartha makes some excellent points, most notably that Poland is simply not an "alternative offshore location", as its value-proposition is not driven by scale and low-cost, but by highly-motivated and educated staff, and is a proven first-class hub for multi-lingual European language support. He also makes a bold assumption that Poland has the potential to be challenging the unique expertise of a country such as Israel, as Poland possesses far more potential that simply being a BPO / shared services location. In many instances, clients have not found significant cost savings using Polish delivery resources - they have used them because of the value and quality they bring to a global delivery model.  Over to you Siddhartha:

Banned in China

I discovered today that Horses for Sources is now inaccessible from China.  Maybe they got a bit upset when I posted Will China's Internet purges inhibit their knowledge services industry? Kind of proves my point...

Bada Din comes late this year for Indian outsourcers: the Indian STPI tax holiday is extended

The Indian Government has clearly been reading this blog and bowed to our pressure to extend the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) tax holiday.  The Indian finance minister has now proposed to extend the  STPI tax holiday to expire on March 31 2010, a year later than the originally stipulated March 31 2009 date. 

This is a shot in the arm for the Indian offshore services sector, and the shares of Infosys, Wipro, TCS, Cognizant, WNS, Patni, Satyam, EXL Service, Genpact et al. are all expected to jump by up to 10% as a result.  The additional year should give the Indian outsourcing industry the time it needs to stabilize its current issues with Rupee appreciation and wage inflation.

Thanks to all you for you great contributions on this issue.

The death of Indian outsourcing? Don't make me laugh...

Following hot on the heels of "34% Buyers Axe Their BPO Deals", I woke up to an even more breakfast-choking shocker this fine morning with Forbes.com's Sramana Mitra declaring "The Coming Death of Indian Outsourcing" . 

So I checked out the credentials of the author.  I couldn't find any other outsourcing literature, but plenty of Yahoo-Microsoft commentary, which was pretty informative.  However, I did find Sramana's blog where she comments that the "Indian BPO industry is very much at risk because of the SaaS trend, and if they do not start to get their act together and respond to the trend, they are going to get punished".  This is incorrect. SaaS applications actually enable delivery of BPO services for certain processes.  Where software can be delivered as a pure web application, and does not require onsite maintenance and development, what better for a global delivery model where services are delivered from remote locations?  True, SaaS threatens the traditional software model, but it actually compliments an outsourcing model.  And surely SaaS is much more threatening to software providers than services firms, which dominate India's outsourcing economy.

Moreover, Sramana claims "Yet, India, for all its glory, is still the world’s back office. India's tech industry is a "services" industry. The Indians don’t do the thinking. The customers do. India executes".  Er... isn't that the point?  However, what she plainly fails to discuss is the fact that the better the Indian services become, the greater the number of services that require the "thinking". It is no coincidence that IBM, Accenture and HP have employed 10% plus of their workforces in India today to perform tasks that go beyond pure execution work.  When you look at the scale and type of services being delivered from India today, as opposed to 5 years' ago, the move up the value-chain of services being delivered from India is impressive.  Services such as remote infrastructure management, financial reporting, insurance claims adjudication and industry-specific application development were a far-flung fantasy back then, but today are high-growth outsourced services being delivered for enterprises today.

Sramana picks on on ADP's global sourcing model, which only has 2,500 staff in India.  However, what she doesn't comment on is that fact that very few firms outsource payroll to India, largely as this industry was established long before India came to prominence, but also because of the regulatory and privacy concerns tied to sending payroll data offshore. 

I empathize with her concerns over wage inflation, staff attrition and rupee appreciation.  These are the challenges the Indian industry is dealing with, which we discussed here last year, and it will slow down the breathtaking growth in the long-term, however, to proclaim the "coming death" of Indian Outsourcing is absurd. 

Guest post: John Cleese's "Letter to America"

I am delighted to announce that today's guest post is from none other than Mr John Cleese of Monty Python and Basil Fawlty folklore.  I'm afraid Mr Cleese has some rather disturbing news for you Americans.  Over to you John....

Will China's Internet purges inhibit their knowledge services industry?

  The Guardian put out an excellent report last week entitled "Behind the Great Firewall", which discusses the Internet popularity in China, and the fact that there will shortly be more Chinese online than Americans.  The piece does a good job pointing out how much the Web is impacting society, but what concerns me is the fact that the Chinese government is working extremely hard to increase its level of censorship and keep the Chinese Internet-world sectioned off from the rest of the world.  The Guardian has since followed up with a further report entitled "China's New Internet Purge",  which discusses how the Chinese government is ramping up its attempts to close down it's "Black Web" bars. Just last month, there were 868 arrests made of people providing "unhealthy" content.  Google reports that the most searched for words in China are related to "money" and "technology", which indicates that this "unhealthy" content probably wasn't all pornography.  People talk a lot about how China will be changed more by the Internet than the Internet will change China, but if the Chinese government manages to keep most Western sites from being accessed, and persists with stepping up attempts to block this "unhealthy" content, then surely there will be a limit to the level with which China can become "changed"?  How far could the Chinese government go to restrict the Internet within its borders?   And will the Internet really change China to a great extent if their citizen are only interacting amongst themselves across controlled media.  If it's a battle for restricting information online, then surely the player with trillions of dollars will win out?

As we discussed here a few week's ago, there are some clear challenges with China becoming a dominant force for delivering outsourced, or offshored, knowledge-services for Western businesses.  One of the key reasons for the success of India and the Philippines, for example, for delivering outsourced services such as application development, insurance services and accounting services, is the ability for their workers to learn and assimilate with Western business culture.  Interaction with Western staff is vital, and so is the ability for offshore workers to research information in the Web.  If the Chinese middle-classes are continually blocked from integrating their online culture with the rest of the world, won't this impact their ability to assimilate, understand Western business culture and deliver knowledge services for customers outside of the Great Firewall?  They have proved themselves highly proficient at producing physical products in China at very low cost, and have clear potential to develop their engineering services on a global scale, but the constant attempts to keep China sectioned off from the rest of the world over the Web could substantially hold back the country from delivering knowledge-based business services for Western companies. If their development is stifled through restricted access to information and people outside of China, they could be left performing knowledge tasks that require very limited "business thinking" , for example data-cleansing services.

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....who's this Barack Obama guy?

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China and BPO? Don't bet your mortgage on it

There has been a considerable amount of hype around the China's potential as a BPO power-house, typified by this recent article by Sridhar Vedala and Vibhash Ranjan of sourcing advisor Equaterra, which claims the China BPO market reached $1.3 billion last year.  The definition of BPO is somewhat vague, so I will refrain from commenting on this figure, but am sure the economic climate out there is capable of commanding this level of BPO work.  The article has some excellent points regarding the advantages and potential of China as a BPO destination, namely:

• China's BPO market will be driven by (1) companies from Japan, Korea and Hong Kong outsourcing low-end services; (2) foreign investors that have thousands of employees in China (i.e. Danone and Fuji);  and (3) domestic companies that outsourcing within China.  American and European firms are "rarely sourcing" BPO services from China.
• Global BPO firms, such as IBM and Genpact, are developing a presence in China (even thought IBM is the only firm that has surpassed 1000 employees for BPO services);
• New BPO locations, such as Chengdu and Tianjin, are 30% cheaper that the mainstays of Beijing and Shanghai, and their attrition is only running at 5%, as opposed to 30% in the big cities (this really fills me with confidence);
• "China offers multi-region support to the surrounding customer markets, which sets it apart".  I am assuming these are for regions that require Chinese dialects, such as Jin, Wu, Hui and Pinghua, in addition to Taiwanese, Japanese and other Asian languages.
• Multinationals are shifting their Asia/Pacific regional HQs to China and establishing shared services centers or outsourcing local firms.
• De-regulation of the Chinese banking sector.  It is now much easier for foreign investors to offer retail banking services in China - a real drive for BPO.

Is India adapting to the Night Shift?

A new report released by the Associated Press is highlighting the issues of outsourcing jobs on Indian workers' health.  While the report lacks any hard evidence and focuses on a handful of individual cases, data released by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations estimated the cost of these increased health issues, namely sleep disorders, heart disease and depression, could amount to $200bn for the Indian economy over the next 10 years "if corrective action is not taken quickly".

As we discussed here on HFS a few weeks' ago, the business case for organizations outsourcing certain services to locations closer to home (or even at home?) is becoming increasingly appealing - especially for those services that require a high degreee of interaction between the organization and its outsourced workers (for example software development).  For those services where the offshore workers need to be operating at the same hours as US companies, for example customer support / help-desk services, the Indian workers must adapt to working swing-shifts and unsocial hours.  My concern here is that Indian culture is very family and social-centric, and these types of jobs are becoming increasingly less desirable for many workers who go into these jobs initially to enjoy the increased compensation on offer, but are quickly realizing the trade-off with their lifestyle, health and family / social issues.  As long as outsourcing providers are servicing US businesses from India that require a large degree of worker overlap, they are going to be faced with increasing issues of attrition and rising wages to keep workers in these jobs.  This is the chief reason why the Latin America region is on the cusp of a major upswing of taking on outsourced jobs that benefit from the time overlap.  At the same time, it increases the appeal of UK and European-centric services being run out of India, where the time differences are far less oppressive on the offshore workers. 

These health and social issues are very symptomatic of a developing economy like India - and my only surprise is the speed at which they are happening.  I believe these issues will only be magnified when work is outsourced from US businesses to China, where the time differentials are even more brutal, and the language issues much tougher.  That is one of the principal reasons why China is (and will continue to be) far more successful at taking on services such as engineering and manufacturing, where these worker interaction issues between offshore staff and Western organizations and their customers are less crucial. 

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Is India growing up too quickly?

Nearshoring software development to Mexico

Word on the street at the moment is that several of the leading outsourcing vendors are searching for clients who want to develop resources in Central and South America.  This is especially the case for services that require a higher degree of staff interaction and time overlap, for example software development, HR and finance processes.  I'm not unusually one for commercials, but I was sent this cute clip - for a small software development outsourcing firm called Nearsoft  - which comes up with some very compelling arguments for nearshoring software development work to Mexico for Californian businesses; namely that Mexican nearshoring costs on average 65% of the US costs, compared to 85% for Indian costs for software development services.  The principal reasons are as follows:

• Wages rates are comparable
• Little need to relocate staff into the US
• No need for "bridge teams" which spend their time overlapping development work with both onshore and offshore teams
• Productivity - for every 2 US engineers, 3 Indian engineers are needed to combat staff attrition and less experienced staff
• Staff travel costs are far lower for nearshore
• Staff attrition is lower in Mexico
• IP protection is stronger under the NAFTA laws
• Staff visas are easier and cheaper to acquire under NAFTA visas.

While many of these points make a lot of sense, Nearsoft overlooks the issue of talent availability in Mexico and other central American locales, which is my number one concern.  Moreover, the productivity issue is debatable.  But there is little doubt the LAT-AM nearshore argument is becoming more and more compelling by the day with an ever-weakening dollar and no slowdown with offshore staff attrition rates.

Is Bangalore no longer a cost-saving location?

My good friend and former colleague at the Yankee Group, Arijit "Apu" Sengupta (pictured) - who is now CEO of BPO quality improvement software firm BeyondCore - alerted me to a startup that reverse-offshored its development team from Bangalore back to the US: 

“Bangalore wages have just been growing like crazy. To give you an example, there is an employee of ours who took the first 5 years of his career to get from 1% to 10% of his equivalent US counterpart. He then jumped from 10% to 20% of his US counterpart in the next 1 year. During his time with us (less than 2 years) he jumped to 55% of the US wage.  In the next few months we would have had to move him to 75% just to ‘keep him at market. Once the salary rises to 75% of US salaries, the overhead cost differences between India and the US would overwhelm the financial viability. Consider the additional overhead of managing two offices, flying between the two centers, dealing with the cultural differences.  The costs of having two offices, which are twelve time zones apart, is significant. People in both offices frequently had conference calls at 10pm and midnight every night (as a result the office in the US didn’t get started until noon sometimes or people rolled in tired). We were all traveling constantly. Development and communication moved slower due to the distance and teams.”

For more on Apu's story, go to the CIO Magazine website

Can China challenge India as a BPO powerhouse?

Lisa Ross is a long-time respected analyst in the BPO world and runs her own research organization, aptly-named “FAO Research, Inc” which has taken the industry by storm over the last couple of years. Lisa has spent a lot of time talking with the advisor, supplier and end-user communities to understand the role China can potentially play in BPO – and most notably Finance & Accounting Outsourcing, which has some a heavy offshore component… In advance of the G8 Summit, take it away Lisa:

A sentiment we hear often from buyers, suppliers and advisors in the outsourcing space is that China is fast becoming the next India - but is this really an accurate statement for the Finance & Accounting Outsourcing (FAO) space?

Let's first look at the glass half empty:

• China's physical infrastructure, although improving, is light years behind technology centers in India.

• Same with human resources - workers are available and growing in number, yet their proficiency in foreign languages and cultures and process expertise is lacking. For voice-based BPO services, only Japanese businesses are being serviced currently from cities like Dalian which has a high Japanese-literacy rate; however, most Japanese businesses do not like the Japanese being spoken with a Chinese accent, so few of them actually use China-based services.

• There are roughly 220 million middle-class Chinese many of whom are learning English compared to 350 million Indians (more than the US and UK combined). Moreover, Indian pop culture – most notably movies – adds new elements to the Indian English language, which China seems to lack.

• Privacy laws are a mess, causing great security concerns, specifically around F&A issues.

• Financial development has yet to keep pace with the country's growth, as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) also struggles to reinvent itself.

• Knowledge management - a key ingredient to foster business and process innovation - has yet to be proven in large scale.

And now for the glass half full:

• China is moving from mass poverty as a whole to middle-income living, so the need for overall economic reform is tremendous - the need for FINANCE reform even greater. Enter FAO.

• China has LOTS of money to spend - aside from being a massive exporter of capital, it's currently a magnet for private capital inflows. And with Chavez angling to unseat the U.S. as Venezuela's partner in the oil business, etc.

• Many F&A processes require minimal customer contact and are data-centric. With many of the Indian-based sourcing models encompassing 10% of delivery onshore for voice-work and 90% operating offshore, there is every reason why the Chinese can replicate this model.

All-in-all, it seems that China will prosper in the short term with its engineering, manufacturing and technical acumen, but is still someway off becoming a major force in BPO services – namely Finance and Accounting and contact center . Once the middle class populous develops stronger language skills and supplier resources become more sophisticated – which will happen eventually – we can expect to see them compete more prominently in the BPO arena.

Lisa Ross is Chief Executive Officer at leading BPO analyst firm FAO Research, Inc. and can be reached at [email protected]